From One Terminator to Twelve Years of Building DNA

When I was a postdoc at Stanford, I was using synthetic biology to study host-pathogen interactions — engineering circuits in E. coli and lambda phage. To build them, I could scavenge most of the parts I needed from colleagues’ plasmids (not a lot of fun, if you’re familiar with the chaotic organization of academic -80°C freezers) and stitch them together using the then-new technique of Gibson Assembly. But there was one terminator nobody had. So in 2012, I ordered my first piece of synthetic DNA from IDT. A 150-base pair double-stranded fragment. It took six weeks.

That experience stuck with me. Soon after, I convinced Dan Gibson to hire me as a Scientist in his group at the Synthetic Genomics Institute. I joined in early 2013 to work on booting up synthetic genomes in a tube, but three months in, the mission shifted. SGI decided to commercialize its underlying DNA synthesis technology, and I volunteered to help launch the new business unit with a simple pitch to Dan — “Send me anything the team can’t build.”

One problem kept showing up. Shorter-than-expected PCR products with the correct ends. Once bad oligos were ruled out, I had a hunch — internal sequence repeats that the design tools weren’t screening for. One late night, I BLASTed a problem sequence against itself. The alignment lit up with a repeat that, when the intervening region deleted out, produced exactly the artifact the team was seeing. That was my first sequence complexity tool, and I was hooked on building DNA.

Over the next twelve years, I grew alongside the industry. From those early “impossible” builds to scaling a services operation to $8M in revenue, project-managing the first GMP facility making synthetic DNA for cancer immunotherapy, launching new product lines, and building business models for next-generation synthesis platforms. I’ve worked across the entire value chain, from the bench to corporate strategy, and that’s given me a perspective that’s hard to get any other way.

The industry has changed enormously since that six-week terminator. Plasmids that took me three months as a postdoc now arrive in days. But what I find most interesting right now isn’t just that the technology is advancing — it’s that the technology is diverging. Array-based synthesis is driving scale and cost down for high-diversity applications. Enzymatic approaches offer a path to greener chemistry, complex sequences, and on-prem manufacturing. Traditional phosphoramidite chemistry still anchors the bulk of production. And then there’s the assembly layer on top — different technologies for predictably stitching fragments into larger constructs, each with its own tradeoffs. These aren’t competing to be the one winner. They fit different product-market needs, and understanding which technology belongs where is where technical depth and product strategy meet.

That’s where I’m focused now. I’ve moved on from that chapter with an end-to-end perspective on how DNA gets designed, built, and delivered. My goal is to make sure the products and business models evolve as fast as the science behind them.

Experience

One company, five roles, one thread: bridging science and business to ship products that matter.

Manager, Field Application Scientists

Telesis Bio (formerly Codex DNA / SGI-DNA)

APR 2025 – PRESENT

Leading the technical commercial team that bridges customers with Product and R&D. Defining pricing and promotional strategies for BioXp reagents while triaging opportunities across the BioXp, Biofoundry Services, and SOLA product lines.

  • Serve as front-line voice of the customer, translating field insights into product requirements for R&D and Product Management.
  • Define pricing and promotional strategies for BioXp reagent consumables, balancing margin targets with customer adoption.
  • Triage inbound opportunities across BioXp, Biofoundry Services, and SOLA platforms, routing to the right solution for each customer need.
  • Coach and develop a team of field application scientists delivering technical sales support across the product portfolio.

Principal Scientist, Research & Innovation and Corporate Development

Telesis Bio

OCT 2021 – JUL 2024

Pivoted from R&D into corporate strategy, building the business case for SOLA enzymatic DNA synthesis technology. Identified and engaged strategic partners, developed financial models for licensing negotiations, and validated product specifications through custom NGS pipelines.

  • Built cost and throughput models that articulated SOLA's value proposition, directly supporting licensing negotiations and strategic partnership discussions.
  • Proactively engaged potential partners through industry networking and targeted outreach, expanding the partnership pipeline for enzymatic DNA synthesis technology.
  • Collaborated with stakeholders to identify and qualify automation partners, enhancing workflow scalability and commercial viability.
  • Developed custom NGS bioinformatics pipelines to validate synthesis fidelity specifications — translating raw sequencing data into product claims.

Director, Biofoundry Services & Manufacturing

Telesis Bio (formerly Codex DNA)

JUL 2018 – OCT 2021

Directed Biofoundry Services, the company's custom DNA synthesis arm. Launched new product lines, transformed manufacturing quality, and served as the technical bridge between customers, sales, and production.

  • Launched DNA Library Services product line from concept to revenue — identified the market opportunity, built the offering, and aligned R&D, manufacturing, and commercial teams to ship on aggressive timelines.
  • Improved manufacturing first-pass rate from 54% to 100% through systematic process optimization and quality engineering.
  • Reduced COGS 15% on a critical synthesis reagent, improving unit economics across the product portfolio.
  • Served as primary technical liaison in sales engagements, consulting on DNA library design and directly influencing six-figure purchasing decisions.
  • Managed technology transfer of DNA synthesis and plasmid verification workflows to GMP contract manufacturers, ensuring scalability and regulatory compliance.
  • Proved that error-correction works on degenerate-base DNA libraries without collapsing sequence diversity — a technical breakthrough that unlocked a new product category.

Senior Scientist

SGI-DNA (now Telesis Bio)

JAN 2017 – JUL 2018

Project Manager and scientific SME for the launch of the first GMP manufacturing facility producing synthetic DNA for personalized immunotherapy — a high-stakes engagement where technical precision had direct patient impact.

  • Developed the Synthesis Optimization Tool (SOT) for codon optimization with minimized synthesis complexity — this tool won SGI-DNA its first GMP customer and enabled their IND submission.
  • Led the team through engineering runs required for the customer's successful IND submission to the FDA.
  • Updated and validated the sequence complexity engine, improving BioXp build prediction accuracy from ~80% to over 95%.

Scientist & Manager, Operational and Technical Support

SGI-DNA (subsidiary of Synthetic Genomics)

2013 – 2017

Founding team member of SGI-DNA, spun out of Craig Venter's Synthetic Genomics. Built the DNA synthesis and sequencing services operation from the ground up — the revenue engine that funded the company's early growth.

  • Built the DNA synthesis services operation from scratch, growing it to $8M+ in annual revenue.
  • Provided technical sales support, advising customers on sequence design, synthesis feasibility, and workflow optimization.
  • Managed complex custom orders across synthesis, cloning, and sequencing services.
  • Improved on-time shipment rates by 20%+ during a stint as interim VP of Operations, transitioning production from project-based to workstation-based manufacturing.

Education

Postdoctoral Fellow

Stanford University

Department of Bioengineering • 2008–2012

Markus Covert Lab — Synthetic biology, systems biology, and host-virus interactions. Published in Science Signaling, PNAS, PLoS Genetics, and Molecular Systems Biology.

Ph.D., Chemical Engineering

UC San Diego

2008

Bing Ren Lab, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research — Genome-wide mapping of allele-specific protein-DNA interactions. Published in Nature Methods.

M.S., Chemical Engineering

UC San Diego

2003

B.S., Chemical Engineering

Tufts University

2001

Key Projects

The pattern: see the problem, build the solution, deliver the business impact.

GMP Synthetic DNA for Immunotherapy

GMP Synthetic DNA for Immunotherapy

Project-managed the first GMP facility producing synthetic DNA for personalized cancer vaccines. Developed the Synthesis Optimization Tool that won the customer and enabled their IND submission to the FDA.

GMP ManufacturingCodon OptimizationIND SubmissionPatient Impact
DNA Library Services Launch

DNA Library Services Launch

Identified an unmet market need, built a new product line from scratch, and aligned R&D, manufacturing, and commercial teams to ship it. Grew from zero to a key revenue stream.

Product LaunchMarket OpportunityCross-functional Leadership
Manufacturing Quality Transformation

Manufacturing Quality Transformation

Took first-pass manufacturing rate from 54% to 100% and cut COGS 15% on a critical reagent. Systematic process optimization with direct bottom-line impact.

Process OptimizationCost ReductionQuality Engineering
SOLA Business Development

SOLA Business Development

Built the financial models and value propositions for SOLA enzymatic DNA synthesis, supporting licensing negotiations and strategic partnership discussions with major biotech players.

Business Case ModelingStrategic PartnershipsTechnology Licensing
Synth DNA Market Intelligence

Synth DNA Market Intelligence

Built an AI-powered market analysis platform that crawls competitor websites and generates competitive intelligence reports. Published analysis of the synthetic DNA market landscape.

Market AnalysisCompetitive IntelligenceAI/Automation
Biotech Developer Tools

Biotech Developer Tools

Designed and shipped free web-based tools for molecular biologists — codon optimization, DNA sequence analysis, and market report generation — demonstrating product thinking applied to scientific workflows.

Product DevelopmentDeveloper ToolsSynthetic Biology

Publications

DNA library construction using Gibson Assembly®

View publication

Steven Thomas, Nathaniel D. Maynard, and John Gill

Nature Methods2015

Next-Gen Shotgun Cloning Using the Gibson Assembly Method

Christine Chen, Steven Thomas, Nathaniel D. Maynard

2015

Nonlytic Viral Spread Enhanced by Autophagy Components

View publication

Sarah W. Bird, Nathaniel D. Maynard, Markus W. Covert, and Karla Kirkegaard

PNAS2014

Neuron-to-Neuron Transmission of α-Synuclein Fibrils Following Axonal Transport

View publication

Eric C. Freundt, Nathaniel D. Maynard, Eileen Clancy, Shyamali Roy, Luc Bousset, Yannick Sourigues, Markus Covert, Ronald Melki, Karla Kirkegaard, and Michel Brahic

Annals of Neurology2012

Competing Metabolic Pathways Control Viral Frameshifting and Host Resistance

View publication

Nathaniel D. Maynard, Derek Macklin, Karla Kirkegaard, and Markus W. Covert

Molecular Systems Biology2011

The Virus as a Metabolic Engineer

Nathaniel D. Maynard, Markus V. Gutschow, Erica M. Birch, and Markus W. Covert

Biotechnology Journal2010

Forward-Genetic Screen and Dynamic Analysis of Lambda Phage Host-Dependencies Reveals an Extensive Interaction Network and a New Anti-Viral Strategy

Nathaniel D. Maynard, Erica M. Birch, Jayodita C. Sanghvi, Lu Chen, and Markus W. Covert

PLoS Genetics2010

A Noisy Paracrine Signal Determines the Cellular NF-κB Response to Lipopolysaccharide

Timothy K. Lee, Elliot M. Denny, Jayodita C. Sanghvi, Jared E. Gaston, Nathaniel D. Maynard, Joseph J. Hughey, and Markus W. Covert

Science Signaling2009

Genome-scale Metabolic Networks

Marco Terzer, Nathaniel D. Maynard, Markus W. Covert, and Jörg Stelling

WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine2009

Genome-wide Mapping of Allele-specific Protein-DNA Interactions in Human Cells

Nathaniel D. Maynard, Jie Chen, Reuben K. Stuart, Bing Ren

Nature Methods2008

Skills & Expertise

Product & Commercial

Product StrategyMarket AnalysisCompetitive IntelligencePricing StrategyVoice of the CustomerProduct LaunchBusiness Case ModelingTechnology Licensing

Technical Expertise

Synthetic DNA/RNACodon OptimizationGibson AssemblyGoldenGate AssemblyNGS Analysis & PipelinesCRISPR/Cas9Sequence Complexity AnalysisGMP Manufacturing

Leadership & Execution

Cross-functional Team LeadershipStrategic PartnershipsProject ManagementProcess OptimizationTechnology TransferBusiness DevelopmentTeam Coaching & DevelopmentVendor & Partner Management

Computational & Data

PythonNext.js / ReactAWS (Lambda, S3)Bioinformatics PipelinesRSQL / MySQLCost & Throughput ModelingAI-Powered Tooling

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